This lesson focuses on ACMONITAL—a specific type of stainless steel used in 20th-century Italian coinage, particularly the 50 Lire “Vulcano” coin. We shift from examining pure iron to understanding how iron is alloyed to create durable, corrosion-resistant materials. Through this case study, students explore alloy composition and analyze the coin using XRF spectroscopy.
Objectives
Recognize Acmonital as an example of iron-based alloy
Identify the primary elements in Acmonital and their function
Materials
coin 50 Lire Vulcano 1977
Lesson Plan
Discuss the typical composition of Acmonital:
Iron (83–85%) – base element
Chromium (12–13%) – corrosion resistance
Nickel (2–3%) – hardness and silvery appearance
Interpret the XRF results: identifying Fe, Cr, and Ni peaks
To reinforce the concepts discussed here, we also provide a video lesson that visually walks through the key points of this topic. Watching the video alongside the text can help you better understand and apply these ideas in practice.
The course XRF Spectroscopy for Art Examination introduces conservators, art historians, and scientists with interest in Art to the principles and practical applications of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy in the examination of artworks. The course starts with basic principles of XRF and gradually explores its role in identifying materials and methods used in the creation and conservation of art.
Course Objectives
Understand the fundamentals of XRF spectroscopy and how it applies to the analysis of art.
Learn the key features and limitations of XRF for examining art and archaeology.
Gain skills in interpreting XRF spectra to identify specific elements in paint layers, inks and metals.
