This lesson focuses on the analysis of aluminum-based metals, with a special emphasis on Italian coins. Aluminum, the lightest metal commonly used in artifacts, often appears as a pure material but contains trace elements that influence its properties. We will explore how these trace elements, either introduced intentionally or as impurities, impact the alloy’s characteristics.
Objectives:
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Identify key trace elements commonly found in aluminum-based coins.
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Understand the role of trace elements in enhancing the mechanical properties of aluminum.
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Interpret XRF spectra to detect and distinguish between trace elements in aluminum coins.
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Compare elemental composition between different coins and discuss potential sources of variation (e.g., mineral origin, recycling).
Materials:
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Italian 10 lire (1958) and 5 lire (1982) coins
Lesson Plan:
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Introduction to aluminum in artifact analysis and its relevance in numismatics
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Examination of the 10 lire coin: aluminum core and trace elements (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Zr, Pb)
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Discussion of material origins, including bauxite-derived elements
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Analysis of the 5 lire coin and the role of recycling in introducing bismuth
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Comparison of XRF spectra with different filter setups to highlight elemental peaks
To reinforce the concepts discussed here, we also provide a video lesson that visually walks through the key points of this topic. Watching the video alongside the text can help you better understand and apply these ideas in practice.
The course XRF Spectroscopy for Art Examination introduces conservators, art historians, and scientists with interest in Art to the principles and practical applications of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy in the examination of artworks. The course starts with basic principles of XRF and gradually explores its role in identifying materials and methods used in the creation and conservation of art.
Course Objectives
- Understand the fundamentals of XRF spectroscopy and how it applies to the analysis of art.
- Learn the key features and limitations of XRF for examining art and archaeology.
- Gain skills in interpreting XRF spectra to identify specific elements in paint layers, inks and metals.
