bismuth metal powder

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Its use is rare but well documented in medieval and renaissance manuscripts. It was used to make thin black lines having a metallic appearance.

Manufacturer/ product code: Kremer / 54000
Chemical Description: bismuth metal powder
Color: grey
Color Index: Not Available
More info:

Ricciardi, P.; Mazzinghi, A.; Legnaioli, S.; Ruberto, C.; Castelli, L. The Choir Books of San Giorgio Maggiore in Venice: Results of in Depth Non-Invasive Analyses. Heritage 2019, 2, 1684-1701.

Bismuth Metal Powder is a fine, elemental form of bismuth (Bi), an inorganic metal known for its low toxicity, high density, and unique physical properties. Unlike many heavy metals, bismuth is relatively safe to handle and has been historically used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, alloys, and specialized paints. In powder form, it is valued for its metallic luster, pearlescent effects, and utility in decorative and industrial applications.

Chemically, bismuth is a post-transition metal with a rhombohedral crystal structure. Its low thermal conductivity, high density, and brittle nature make it suitable for a variety of functional and aesthetic uses. The powder form allows for controlled dispersion in media such as paints, coatings, plastics, and inks, where it can impart metallic sheen, opacity, or textural effects.

In artistic and decorative applications, bismuth metal powder is often used to produce pearlescent, metallic, or reflective surfaces. Its unique crystallization behavior creates an iridescent appearance when processed or applied in thin layers. Industrially, it serves as a component in low-melting alloys, metal injection molding, or as a functional additive for pigments and coatings.

From a conservation and chemical standpoint, bismuth is chemically stable under normal conditions, resistant to oxidation at room temperature, and does not readily react with most common media. This stability ensures that the visual effects created with bismuth powder remain consistent over time.